Directory:
    ${PENCIL_HOME}/samples/0d-tests/particles-breakup
SVN Id:
    $Id$
Maintainer:
    Nils Erland L. Haugen <nils.e.haugen/gmail[dot]com>
Added:
    April 2026
Status:
    setup, compile, start, and run verified in this tree
Recommended resolution:
    1x1x1
Comments: (by Codex)
    0D Lagrangian particle test for Kelvin-Helmholtz breakup using the
    particles_breakup module, set up as a large water droplet falling in
    quiescent air at atmospheric conditions. The gas remains a 0D periodic
    background with no particle feedback, while the particle feels constant
    vertical gravity and pure Stokes drag.

    The sample uses cgs units. The carrier gas density is set to
    rho0=1.225e-3 g/cm^3, the gas kinematic viscosity is nu=0.15 cm^2/s,
    the particle material density is rhopmat=1 g/cm^3, and the Kelvin-
    Helmholtz surface-tension and liquid-viscosity inputs correspond to
    water near room temperature.

    Gravity is applied through the particle module with gravz=-981 cm/s^2.
    The initial droplet velocity is zero. This remains a reduced settling/
    breakup test intended to study parcel evolution and final size
    distributions rather than a fully resolved falling-drop flow field.